Edible delonix (Delonix edulis)

Tara tara-nut edible lemur's pea
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Delonix edulis - Edible Wild Pea from Madagascar

Growing in the semi-arid coastal zones of southwestern Madagascar, Delonix edulis stands out as a unique wild leguminous shrub that produces edible seeds. Local communities traditionally harvest these nutritious seeds, which are eaten raw or roasted.

This wild plant is currently being researched for its agricultural potential outside of its native range. However, habitat degradation threatens its remaining wild populations in its native dry forest ecosystems.

Taxonomy

  • ∟ царство Plantae
  • ∟ division Tracheophytes (Vascular Plants)
  • ∟ subdivision Spermatophytes (Seed plants)
  • ∟ Angiosperms
  • ∟ mesangiosperms (Core angiosperms)
  • ∟ eudicots
  • ∟ Superrosids
  • ∟ rosids
  • ∟ order Fabales
  • ∟ family Fabaceae
  • ∟ subfamily Caesalpinioideae
  • ∟ genus Delonix (Flamboyant tree)
  • ∟ species Delonix edulis (Edible delonix)

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Morphology

Developing as an unarmed, multistemmed shrub, this plant typically reaches a height of 4 to 6 meters. The dense, spreading crown consists of branchlets that sometimes become spine-like, bearing sparse leaves with small leaflets.

The bisexual flowers open at night and feature four white petals and one yellow-tinged petal. Long stamens protrude from the flowers, which are primarily pollinated by moths attracted to their nectar.

The pendent subcylindrical fruits measure up to 30 centimeters in length and contain ovoid-reniform seeds. A thin, brittle outer shell covers these seeds, which are arranged in depressed segments along the pod.

Applications

Harvested directly from the ground after seed pods split open, the seeds are commonly eaten raw. They offer a sweet, cashew-like flavor with a smooth texture when mature, while green seeds taste like peas.

These nutrient-rich seeds contain high levels of proteins and carbohydrates, showing potential as an alternative nut crop. However, consuming large quantities of raw seeds can cause mild digestive upsets due to enzyme inhibitors.

Interesting facts

  • The scientific synonym Lemuropisum edule translates to "edible lemur's pea," referencing its native habitat.
  • The flowers open exclusively at night and are adapted to attract nocturnal moth pollinators.
  • The sweet seeds are rich in carbohydrates and protein, comparing favorably with other wild leguminous nut crops.

Geography of distribution

  • Madagascar

Sources

Technical Information

Taxon Synonyms: Lemuropisum edule

External Databases: GBIF, POWO, Tropicos

See also