Korthals' gironniera (Gironniera korthalsii)

Hampas tebu
Silhouette: T. Michael Keesey / License

Gironniera korthalsii: Tropical Forest Tree Profile

Populating the lowland dipterocarp forests of Malesia, Gironniera korthalsii thrives as a medium-sized evergreen forest tree. It prefers shady, humid environments near streams and lower montane regions. The species is an important component of the understory and sub-canopy layers.

Taxonomy

  • ∟ царство Plantae
  • ∟ division Tracheophytes
  • ∟ subdivision Spermatophytes (Seed plants)
  • ∟ Angiosperms
  • ∟ mesangiosperms
  • ∟ eudicots
  • ∟ Superrosids
  • ∟ rosids
  • ∟ order Rosales
  • ∟ family Cannabaceae (Hemp family)
  • ∟ genus Gironniera (Gironnier tree)
  • ∟ species Gironniera korthalsii (Korthals' gironniera)

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Morphology

The tree typically grows to a height of 15 to 25 meters, featuring slender branchlets that are sparsely hairy. The upper surfaces of the mature foliage feel slightly rough to the touch. Key vegetative features include:

  • Texture: The leaf blades are leathery (coriaceous) and robust.
  • Apex: Each leaf terminates in a distinct, elongated acuminate tip.
  • Margins: The leaf edges are predominantly entire without teeth.

The tiny, unisexual flowers develop in short axillary clusters, indicating a dioecious reproductive system. The resulting fruits are globose to broadly ovoid drupes that mature into a bright orange or red color. Each drupe contains a single seed protected by a hard, fibrous endocarp.

Applications

The timber of this tree is utilized locally for lightweight construction, utility poles, and general household items. Because of its steady burning properties, the wood is also gathered for high-quality charcoal production. It is rarely traded internationally due to its limited distribution and availability.

Interesting facts

The specific epithet commemorates Pieter Willem Korthals, an influential Dutch botanist who documented the flora of the Malay Archipelago. This tree possesses strong root systems that prevent soil erosion along steep riverbanks. Scientists utilize the growth rings of similar woody species to reconstruct historical environmental changes in tropical Asia.

Geography of distribution

  • Indonesia
  • Malaysia
  • Philippines

Sources

  • Plants of the World Online (POWO)
  • Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF)
  • World Flora Online (WFO)

Technical Information

External Databases: GBIF, POWO, Tropicos

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