Orinoco Quassia (Quassia orinocensis)

Silhouette: T. Michael Keesey / License

Quassia orinocensis: Profile of the Orinoco River Basin Tree

Flourishing along the margins of the Orinoco River basin, Quassia orinocensis thrives in seasonally flooded gallery forests. This resilient woody species plays a vital role in stabilizing riverbanks and supporting local riparian biodiversity.

Taxonomy

  • ∟ царство Plantae
  • ∟ division Tracheophytes
  • ∟ subdivision Spermatophytes (Seed plants)
  • ∟ Angiosperms
  • ∟ mesangiosperms
  • ∟ eudicots
  • ∟ Superrosids
  • ∟ rosids
  • ∟ malvids
  • ∟ order Sapindales
  • ∟ family Simaroubaceae (Quassia family)
  • ∟ genus Quassia (Quassia Wood)
  • ∟ species Quassia orinocensis (Orinoco Quassia)

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Morphology

The vegetative structure of Quassia orinocensis features alternate, pinnate leaves with glossy, oblong leaflets. The smooth bark has a distinct light greyish hue.

Its reproductive organs display specific characteristics:

  • Flowers: Small, pale green to white blossoms arranged in loose terminal clusters.
  • Foliage: Dense canopy of deep green leaves that withstand seasonal inundations.
  • Seeds: Housed within small, fibrous drupes dispersed by water currents.

Flowering season

Dry season, mainly from January to March

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Applications

Local communities have historically utilized the wood and bark of Quassia orinocensis for crafting domestic items due to its durability. Additionally, the bitter wood extracts serve as a traditional tonic and insect repellent.

Interesting facts

The species name directly honors the Orinoco River, which is one of the longest rivers in South America and the primary basin of its native distribution.

Its seeds have evolved hydrophobic properties, allowing them to float on water for long-distance seed dispersal during flood seasons.

Geography of distribution

  • Venezuela
  • Colombia

Sources

  • Plants of the World Online (POWO)
  • World Flora Online (WFO)
  • Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF)

Technical Information

External Databases: GBIF, POWO, Tropicos

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