Petrified forest wood (Silicisilvaxylon)

IUCN: Вымерший вид

Silicisilvaxylon: Ancient Fossil Conifer from the Triassic

Millions of years ago, during the Late Triassic period, colossal ancient forests towered over what is now the arid landscape of North America, leaving behind petrified evidence of their existence. The fossilized remains of these grand trees are known to science as Silicisilvaxylon, a name that honors the stone-like hardness of the ancient wood.

Originally discovered within the Chinle Formation of Arizona and New Mexico, these specimens tell a story of river transport and heavy sedimentation. Today, researchers study these remnants to reconstruct the complex ecosystems that thrived over two hundred million years ago.

Taxonomy

  • царство Plantae
  • division Tracheophytes (Vascular Plants)
  • subdivision Spermatophytes (Seed plants)
  • superclass Gymnospermae (Gymnosperms)
  • division Pinophyta
  • subclass Cupressidae
  • order Araucariales (Southern pines and monkey-puzzles)
  • family Araucariaceae (Araucaria family)
  • genus Silicisilvaxylon (Petrified forest wood)

Living Pulse

Morphology

The internal structure of Silicisilvaxylon reveals unique evolutionary adaptations of Late Triassic conifers. Microscopic analysis shows a pycnoxylic secondary xylem characterized by a complete or near-complete lack of parenchymal tissue.

Key anatomical features of the vascular system include:

  • Tracheids: Small conducting cells measuring approximately 60 μm in cross-section and 45 μm in longitudinal section, featuring secondary walls that are 5 to 7 μm thick.
  • Resin Canals: Distinctive channels measuring 15 to 20 μm in cross-section and 30 to 40 μm longitudinally, which help distinguish this genus from other coexisting fossils.
  • Pitting System: Radial walls contain uniseriate chains of widely spaced, rounded pits that are 12 to 22 μm in diameter with a 5 μm lumen.
  • Tracheid Pits: Alternate pitting features characteristics of taxoid, cupressoid, podocarpoid, and dacrydioid types, which become scarcer and form short uniseriate bundles in the middle zone.

Interesting facts

The fossilized remains of Silicisilvaxylon offer a fascinating glimpse into the geological history of North America. These ancient specimens underwent a complex journey of preservation and scientific discovery.

  • Etymology: The name of the genus translates to "siliceous forest wood," referencing the extreme hardness of the mineralized material.
  • Smithsonian Holotype: The primary specimen used to describe the genus, cataloged as USNM 30862, is curated at the Smithsonian Institution in Maryland.
  • Taxonomic Reclassification: The massive fossilized trunks in the Petrified Forest National Park were once classified as Araucarioxylon arizonicum before detailed microscopic analysis proved they were a distinct genus.
  • Fossilization History: These specimens are highly fragmented because the original tree trunks were broken apart during intense river transport before sediment accumulation began.

Geography of distribution

  • United States

Sources

  • Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF)
  • World Flora Online (WFO)
  • Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History
  • Paleobiology Database (PBDB)

Technical Information

External Databases: GBIF

See also

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