Characterized by its exceptionally large winged fruits, Ailanthus altissima var. sutchuenensis is a robust deciduous tree native to the mountainous provinces of central China. It thrives in valleys and rocky slopes, displaying excellent adaptability to poor soil conditions.
This variety is widely recognized in Chinese forestry for its rapid establishment and resistance to harsh environmental factors. It serves as an important component of forest ecosystems in regions like Sichuan and Hubei.
The tree develops a broad crown and reaches heights of 15 to 25 meters under favorable conditions. The compound leaves are large, bearing multiple leaflets with prominent glands at the base.
Its primary distinguishing feature is the size of its samaras, which are noticeably larger than those of the typical variety. These reddish-orange winged fruits mature in large, decorative clusters during late summer and autumn.
The bark is gray and smooth on young trees, gradually developing shallow vertical fissures with age. The small, greenish-yellow flowers grow in large panicles and emit a strong odor to attract insect pollinators.
Blooms from May to June, followed by the appearance of large fruiting clusters from August to October.
The bark and roots are harvested for use in traditional Chinese medicine, where they are known as 'Chun Bai Pi' and used for treating digestive and inflammatory conditions.
It is widely planted for soil reclamation, windbreaks, and erosion control on degraded lands. The wood is also suitable for pulp production and manufacturing simple wooden utensils.
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