Cacao Tree
Theobroma cacao
Theobroma cacao, commonly known as the cacao or cocoa tree, is a tropical evergreen species …
Stipulate Cacao (Theobroma stipulatum)
cacao de monte
chocolate de monte
Silhouette: T. Michael Keesey
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Theobroma stipulatum: The Wild Cacao of the Colombian Chocó
Hiding in the dense, wet understories of the Colombian rainforests, Theobroma stipulatum stands out as a unique member of the mallow family. Local communities in the Chocó and Antioquia regions have long harvested its seeds to prepare traditional beverages. Despite its potential, the species has escaped large-scale commercial cultivation, remaining a treasured secret of the Neotropical wilderness.
Taxonomy
- ∟ царство Plantae
- ∟ division Tracheophytes (Vascular Plants)
- ∟ subdivision Spermatophytes (Seed plants)
- ∟ Angiosperms
- ∟ mesangiosperms (Core angiosperms)
- ∟ eudicots
- ∟ Superrosids
- ∟ rosids
- ∟ malvids
- ∟ order Malvales
- ∟ family Malvaceae
- ∟ subfamily Byttnerioideae
- ∟ genus Theobroma (Cacao trees)
- ∟ species Theobroma stipulatum (Stipulate Cacao)
Morphology
This impressive forest tree can reach heights of up to 30 meters, supported by a straight trunk measuring up to 45 centimeters in diameter. The foliage displays distinct characteristics that separate it from other wild cacaos:
- Large leaves with prominent, visible venation and a brownish tint.
- Conspicuous stipules located at the base of the leaf petioles, which inspired its specific epithet.
- A robust branching architecture that forms a broad canopy in the wild.
Applications
The primary value of this tree lies in its seeds, which are processed by native populations. While it lacks a developed global trade network, the beans yield a high-quality traditional chocolate when fermented and roasted. The pulp surrounding the seeds also offers a sweet, refreshing treat during the fruiting season.
Interesting facts
American botanist José Cuatrecasas first described this species in 1951 after studying the rich flora of Colombia. Interestingly, locals sometimes substitute its seeds with other forest fruits like Oenocarpus bataua to create creamy, chocolate-like drinks. Its restricted distribution makes it a crucial subject for genetic conservation and future hybridization research.
Geography of distribution
- Colombia
Sources
- POWO: Plants of the World Online (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew)
- GBIF: Global Biodiversity Information Facility
- Fieldiana, Botany: Vol. 27, No. 1, 1951
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