Slightly hairy bitterwood (Simarouba amara var. puberula)
Simarouba amara var. puberula: Botanical Profile and Habitat
Inhabiting the humid, lowland forests of tropical South America, Simarouba amara var. puberula exhibits distinctive pubescence on its young vegetative parts. This botanical variety contributes significantly to the dense forest canopy. It participates actively in the nutrient cycling of its native tropical ecosystems.
Taxonomy
- ∟ царство Plantae
- ∟ division Tracheophytes
- ∟ subdivision Spermatophytes (Seed plants)
- ∟ Angiosperms
- ∟ mesangiosperms
- ∟ eudicots
- ∟ Superrosids
- ∟ rosids
- ∟ malvids
- ∟ order Sapindales
- ∟ family Simaroubaceae (Quassia family)
- ∟ genus Simarouba (Paradise tree)
- ∟ species Simarouba amara (Bitterwood Tree)
- ∟ variety Simarouba amara var. puberula (Slightly hairy bitterwood)
Morphology
The identifying feature of this variety is the presence of fine, soft hairs (puberulent coating) on the branchlets, petioles, and leaf rachises. This pubescence distinguishes it from the glabrous typical variety. The leaflets themselves are usually oblong and coriaceous.
Its inflorescences are large, branching panicles carrying numerous small, unisexual flowers. The resulting drupes are oval, turning dark purple or black when fully mature. These fruits serve as a food source for primates and birds.
Applications
The wood harvested from this variety share the characteristics of the parent species, being light and easy to work. It is commonly employed in the manufacture of toys, paper pulp, and light boxes. The low density of the timber makes it ideal for acoustic insulation purposes.
Extracts from the bitter bark have been explored in ethnobotanical studies. They contain simaroubolides, which are chemical compounds of interest in pharmacological research.
Interesting facts
The variety name puberula refers directly to the downy or fine hairs found on its stems. This surface hairiness may help protect young shoots from excessive moisture loss or insect predation. Like its relatives, the entire tree contains intensely bitter substances.
Geography of distribution
- Brazil
Sources
- POWO: Plants of the World Online (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew)
- WFO: World Flora Online database
- GBIF: Global Biodiversity Information Facility