Red tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissima f. rubra)

Red-fruited tree of heaven
Silhouette: T. Michael Keesey / License

Ailanthus altissima f. rubra: The Red-Fruited Tree of Heaven

Characterized by its striking reddish foliage and vibrant seed pods, Ailanthus altissima f. rubra stands out as a distinctive botanical form of the common tree of heaven. This deciduous woody plant is noted for the reddish hues that tint its young leaves, twigs, and developing seeds, creating a visually distinct appearance. Like the parent species, it demonstrates rapid growth and a high tolerance for poor soil conditions.

While sharing the robust nature of the species, this form is primarily distinguished by its aesthetic features. It is often found in urban areas and disturbed landscapes where it can colonize rapidly due to its efficient reproductive strategies.

Taxonomy

  • царство Plantae
  • division Tracheophytes (Vascular Plants)
  • subdivision Spermatophytes (Seed plants)
  • Angiosperms
  • mesangiosperms (Core angiosperms)
  • eudicots
  • Superrosids
  • rosids
  • malvids
  • order Sapindales
  • family Simaroubaceae (Quassia family)
  • genus Ailanthus (Tree of heaven)
  • species Ailanthus altissima (Tree of Heaven)
  • form Ailanthus altissima f. rubra (Red tree of heaven)

Living Pulse

Morphology

The botanical structure of Ailanthus altissima f. rubra displays several key characteristics that distinguish it from the typical form:

  • Foliage: The large pinnately compound leaves can reach up to one meter in length, with young leaflets emerging with a pronounced reddish or purplish tint before turning dark green.
  • Flowers and Fruit: Small, greenish-yellow flowers are arranged in large panicles, which later develop into prominent winged fruits called samaras that turn a vivid red color during mid to late summer.
  • Bark and Stem: The bark is smooth and light gray with pale longitudinal fissures, while the young twigs exhibit a reddish-brown coloration.

Flowering season

Late spring to early summer, typically from June to July.

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Applications

Due to its invasive tendencies, the practical utilization of Ailanthus altissima f. rubra remains limited and carefully managed. Some of its notable applications include:

  • Soil Stabilization: Its extensive and aggressive root system makes it effective at binding soil on steep slopes and eroded banks.
  • Traditional Medicine: Extracts from related Ailanthus taxa have historically been investigated for potential antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, although modern usage is uncommon.
  • Aesthetic Planting: Historically, its colorful red samaras led to its occasional use as an ornamental specimen in parks, though this practice is discouraged today due to ecological risks.

Interesting facts

This botanical form possesses several intriguing traits that highlight its ecological success and historical significance:

  • Rapid Growth Rate: It is capable of growing several meters in height within its first few years, easily outcompeting native vegetation.
  • Allelopathic Properties: The roots and leaves produce a chemical compound called ailanthone, which inhibits the growth of neighboring plant species.
  • Ailanthus Webworm Host: Despite its toxicity, it serves as a host plant for the larvae of the ailanthus webworm moth (Atteva aurea).

Geography of distribution

  • China
  • United States
  • Germany

Sources

  • POWO: Plants of the World Online (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew)
  • WFO: World Flora Online Consortium
  • GBIF: Global Biodiversity Information Facility

Technical Information

External Databases: GBIF, Tropicos

See also

True Araucarias

True Araucarias

Araucaria sect. Araucaria

Araucaria sect. Araucaria is a botanical section of evergreen conifers native to South America. It …